[Econometrics, ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™] ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ(Fixed Effect) ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„
ยท
Data Science/Econometrics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNIF-jHY2Rk๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—https://heesleisure.tistory.com/55 [Econometrics, ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™] ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ(Fixed Effect)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOTgQfVfxQ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐCross-sectional Data : ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ๋‹›, ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ (์„œ๋ฒ ์ด ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์Œ)Time-Series Data : ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ ๋‹›, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™” (์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ Gheesleisure.tistory.com  ์ด์ „ ๊ธ€์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! How Fixed Effects Work for Causal Inference์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘..
[Econometrics, ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™] ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ(Fixed Effect)
ยท
Data Science/Econometrics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOTgQfVfxQ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐCross-sectional Data : ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ๋‹›, ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ (์„œ๋ฒ ์ด ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์Œ)Time-Series Data : ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ ๋‹›, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™” (์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ GDP ๋“ฑ)Panel (longitudinal) Data : ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ๋‹›, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ๋‹›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์œ ๋‹›์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋‹› ID๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ถ”์ ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด? pooled cross-sectional data ๋จ  Recall How to Remove the Selection Bias ์ธ๊ณผ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ์ ์€? ์„ ํƒ ํŽธํ–ฅ (Treatment๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ..
Ensemble(์•™์ƒ๋ธ”): Bagging๊ณผ Boosting, Stacking
ยท
Data Science/ML
Ensemble(์•™์ƒ๋ธ”)์ด๋ž€?์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ตœ์ข… ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• Bagging๊ณผ Boosting์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ Bagging: ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์ , parallelํ•จBootstrap Aggregating, ๋ถ€ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋žฉ(๋žœ๋ค ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง)์„ ์ง‘๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜(๋ชจ๋ธ) ํ™œ์šฉ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ณต์›์ถ”์ถœ์ž„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ•™์Šตํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด underfitting, overfitting ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋„์›€๋จBagging์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ RandomForest๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ  Boosting: ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ , sequentialํ•จ์˜ค๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋ธ(๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ)์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋„๋จผ์ € ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž„   Stac..
[MODUPOP Seminar] Gen AI Safety & Security
ยท
Data Science/LLM
https://festa.io/events/4739 [๊ฐ•๋‚จ] ๋ชจ๋‘ํŒ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ | Gen AI Safety & Security | Festa! Festa์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์„ธ์š”. festa.io ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ [Gen AI Safety & Security] ์˜คํ”ˆ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘์ฝ˜ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ํ”Œ์นœ์ด ๋œ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—ฐ.. ์š”์ƒˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ&ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ LLM๊ณผ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ฐฝ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‹ˆ! ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ดŒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•๋‚จ์บ ํผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ €์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์‹ ์˜ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ž„) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์ด๋“ฃ์ž๊ณ  ๊ผฌ์‹œ๋Š”์ค‘ ์ผ๋‹จ์€ ๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธดํ•ด ... ์•„์‰ฌ์›€์„ ๋’ค๋กœํ•˜๊ณ ,, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฝค ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค ๋ชฉ์ฐจ..
[1๊ฐ•][CV] ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ด๋ก  CS231n
ยท
Data Science/CS231n
๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[LLM] LangChain์œผ๋กœ ChatGPT API ํ™œ์šฉ & ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ
ยท
Data Science/LLM
์ถœ์ฒ˜: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLM3KDaOTJM&list=PLQIgLu3Wf-q_Ne8vv-ZXuJ4mztHJaQb_v&index=3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6D5Hn_k4lE&list=PLQIgLu3Wf-q_Ne8vv-ZXuJ4mztHJaQb_v&index=5 API๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ChatGPT์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ davinci-003 vs gpt-3.5-turbo: GPT ๋ฒ„์ „ ์ฐจ์ด(3๊ณผ 3.5) temperature: chat-gpt๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 0~2๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ 0์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ์ผ๊ด€์ , 2์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ randomํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ callbacks์˜ streaming_stdout ๋‚ด์—์„œ streaming..
[LLM] LangChain: ์ดˆ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ์„ค๋ช…
ยท
Data Science/LLM
์ถœ์ฒ˜: https://youtube.com/watch?v=XwlLeVhWCCc LangChain์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ LLM ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ NLP(Natural Language Process) ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ Transformer ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ๋จธ์˜ Encoder, Decoder๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ Transformer ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ '์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ', ์˜๋„๋œ ๋Œ€๋กœ '๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š”' ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ Encoder: ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์คฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ด๋‹น(๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰) Decoder: ๋ง์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„(ํŒŒ..
[LLM] LangChain์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ
ยท
Data Science/LLM
์ถœ์ฒ˜: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWRCLzXxUgs&list=PLQIgLu3Wf-q_Ne8vv-ZXuJ4mztHJaQb_v ์ •์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์›Œํฌ → ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•จ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํˆด๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ ex) ์ตœ๊ทผ LLM ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด? ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋„˜๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ํˆด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋žญ์ฒด์ธ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์ œ๋œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธ์‹: ์–ธ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ: ์–ธ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•จ ์™œ ์จ์•ผํ• ๊นŒ? 1) ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ œํ•œ ์ตœ..